Q-Switched Pulse Generation in Erbium-based with Niobium Aluminium Carbide Saturable Absorber

Nurul Athirah Mohamad Abdul Ghafar; Arni Munira Markom; Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol; Nur Farhanah Zulkipli; Suziana Omar; Ahmad Razif Muhammad; Hazlihan Haris; Ismail Saad; Sulaiman Wadi Harun

doi:10.37934/armne.19.1.99106

Authors

Nurul Athirah Mohamad Abdul Ghafar Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
Arni Munira Markom School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai 81750, Johor, Malaysia
Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia – Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nur Farhanah Zulkipli Department of Engineering And Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT) Penang Branch,11200 Tanjong Bungah,Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Suziana Omar Kolej Pengajian Kejuruteraan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Kuala Terengganu 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Ahmad Razif Muhammad Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Hazlihan Haris Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Ismail Saad Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Sulaiman Wadi Harun Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.19.1.99106

Keywords:

Niobium aluminum carbide, MAX phase material, passive saturable absorber, Q-switching

Abstract

The viability of using Niobium Aluminum Carbide (Nb₂AlC) as a saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched pulse production utilized in erbium arrangement is reported in this research. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the MAX phase material Nb₂AlC were successfully mixed to create a SA film, which was then placed between two fiber ferrules and inserted into the cavity. Steady Q-switched pulses at 1531 nm with a maximum repetition rate of 58.21 kHz and a minimum pulse width of 3.82 s were seen after raising the pumping power from 45.45 to 81.97 mW. The highest pulse energy was measured to be 42.26 nJ at a pump power of 81.97 mW. These findings show that Nb₂AlC MAX-phase material can be used to make SAs that are both useful and affordable.

Author Biographies

Nurul Athirah Mohamad Abdul Ghafar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia

athirahghafar97@gmail.com

Arni Munira Markom, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai 81750, Johor, Malaysia

arnimunira@uitm.edu.my

Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia – Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ahmadhaziqaiman@utm.my

Nur Farhanah Zulkipli, Department of Engineering And Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT) Penang Branch,11200 Tanjong Bungah,Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

nurfarhanahz@tarc.edu.my

Suziana Omar, Kolej Pengajian Kejuruteraan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Kuala Terengganu 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

suzia5374@uitm.edu.my

Ahmad Razif Muhammad, Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

a.razif@ukm.edu.my

Hazlihan Haris, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

hazlihanharis@ums.edu.my

Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia

swharun@um.edu.my