Process Optimization of Salt Recovery from Nypa fruticans Fronds using Response Surface Methodology

Mohd Syafiq Abdullah; Mohd Zahid  Abidin; Mohd Shahril  Osman; Abdul Fattah  Ab Razak; Mohamad Saiful  Sulaiman; Siti Nadhira  Mohamad Basri; Farah Syahirah  Abdul Shukri; Mohammad Hafsanjani  Salleh; Ashraf  A. Razak; Ung Hua Ting; Maherawati Ting; Ratri Retno  Utami; Nurhayati Utami

doi:10.37934/ard.142.1.108121

Authors

Mohd Syafiq Abdullah
Mohd Zahid Abidin School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Mohd Shahril Osman School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Abdul Fattah Ab Razak School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Siti Nadhira Mohamad Basri School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Farah Syahirah Abdul Shukri School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Mohammad Hafsanjani Salleh Centre of Research for Innovation and Sustainable Development (CRISD), University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Ashraf A. Razak Centre of Research for Innovation and Sustainable Development (CRISD), University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Ung Hua Ting Centre of Research for Innovation and Sustainable Development (CRISD), University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Maherawati Ting Food Science and Technology, Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124, Indonesia
Ratri Retno Utami Department of Rubber and Plastic Processing Technology, Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55188, Indonesia
Nurhayati Utami Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/ard.142.1.108121

Keywords:

Nypa fruticans, salt recovery, calcination, RSM, optimization

Abstract

Salt, primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), has been a pivotal component of the human diet and a universal condiment since ancient times due to its ability to enhance flavor, act as a preservative, and meet physiological needs. Despite the availability of traditional unrefined salts, the production processes of nypa salt, derived from Nypa fruticans, have not been systematically investigated, and there are no standard methods for its production. This study addresses this gap by recovering salt from Nypa fruticans fronds using the calcination (ashing) method and optimizing the process conditions influencing salt recovery using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions, determined to be 12 hours of drying time, a calcination temperature of 1200°C, a soaking time of 10 minutes, and a soaking temperature of 40°C, resulted in a predicted pH of 10.76 and a yield of 1.441%. These conditions were verified through additional trials, confirming model’s reliability and offering a sustainable method for salt production from Nypa fruticans fronds.