Catalytic Pyrolysis of Malaysia Tea Waste over Molybdenum Modified Zeolite for Bio-Oil Production

Muhammad Hadif  Haidir; Vekes Balasundram; Norazana  Ibrahim; Ruzinah  Isha; Suchithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar; Yazid Bindar; Le Kim Hoang Pham; Suan Shi; Suneerat Fukuda

doi:10.37934/ard.119.1.3645

Authors

Muhammad Hadif Haidir Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Vekes Balasundram Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Norazana Ibrahim Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Ruzinah Isha Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Suchithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Yazid Bindar Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
Le Kim Hoang Pham Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam
Suan Shi Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Suneerat Fukuda Energy Technology & Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/ard.119.1.3645

Keywords:

Tea waste, pyrolysis, catalytic, HZSM-5, molybdenum

Abstract

In the current era, the increasing population has raised energy needs and heavy reliance on fossil fuels has led to greenhouse gas emissions. The abundance of biomass in Malaysia, such as tea waste, is poorly managed, contributing to environmental issues. Thus, the main goal of this research is to investigate the influence of Molybdenum-modified Hydrogen-exchanged Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (Mo-HZSM-5) on the pyrolysis of Malaysian tea waste at varied temperatures from 400 to 600 C with 50 C intervals to produce bio-oil via fixed-bed reactor. The catalyst-to-tea waste mass ratio was constant at 1.1 for all the investigated samples. Among the investigated samples, the highest bio-oil produced was at 600 C (13.97 wt. percent). Surprisingly, adding Mo-HZSM-5 did not increase the bio-oil yield, which is 4.50 wt. percent at 600 C. However, the composition of hydrocarbons in bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis is higher (18.16 percent) than non-catalytic (9.73 percent) at 500 C. Furthermore, with Mo-HZSM-5, the total oxygenated compound presences are lower (51.77 percent) at 550 C than without catalyst (62.16 percent). Therefore, pyrolysis using Mo-HZSM-5 as a catalyst has proved to increase the amount of hydrocarbon in bio-oil while lighter hydrocarbons were enhanced at lower temperatures (400 C) by the cracking of larger hydrocarbon molecules.