Wali Allah, antara Fakta dan Mitos: Satu Kajian menurut Syeikh Abd. Al-Qadir Al-Mandili

Saint of Allah, Fact or Myth: A Study According to Syeikh Abd. Al-Qadir Al-Mandili

Abstract

Kewalian secara asasnya merujuk kepada setiap orang yang beriman dan bertaqwa. Wali Allah lazim dikaitkan dengan karamah tertentu sebagai satu bentuk kemuliaan daripada Allah. Namun begitu, kejahilan sebahagian umat Islam berhubung perkara ini telah membuka ruang syirik apabila mereka meletakkan para wali setara dengan Allah. Para wali dianggap mempunyai kemampuan luar biasa dan diberi mandat menguruskan alam sebagaimana yang mereka kehendaki sama ada ketika mereka hidup atau telah meninggal dunia. Kebejatan akidah yang berlaku membuatkan Syeikh ‘Abd. al-Qadir al-Mandili terpanggil untuk meluruskan fahaman yang sekian lama mendarah daging dalam kalangan sebahagian umat Islam. Ulama pondok berketurunan Mandailing ini dilahirkan pada tahun 1910 di Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara. Beliau mendapat pendidikan agama di Kedah pada tahun 1924 dan pada tahun 1936, al-Mandili melanjutkan pengajiannya di Mekah. Seterusnya, beliau diberi kepercayaan menjadi guru di Masjid al-Haram hingga akhir hayatnya pada tahun 1965. Ulama prolifik ini telah menghasilkan sejumlah 24 karya dalam pelbagai disiplin seperti akidah, fiqh, hadis, politik, pendidikan, perundangan dan akhlak. Menerusi tiga karyanya iaitu Perisai Bagi Sekalian Mukallaf Atau Simpulan Iman Atas Mazhab Salaf, Penawar Bagi Hati dan Anak Kunci Syurga, makalah ini menganalisis konsep wali menurut akidah al-Mandili. Al-Mandili menegaskan kewalian Allah hanya diperoleh dengan iman dan taqwa iaitu gabungan mahabbah (kecintaan) dan ittiba’ (mengikut syariat). Beliau turut menafikan dakwaan sebahagian sufi yang menganggap maqam walayah lebih besar dari nubuwwah.

In general, sainthood refers to every pious muslim who believes in Allah. Awliya’ (saint of) Allah frequently associated with certain karamah (miracles perform by awliya’ with the blessing of Allah) as a form of nobility given from Allah. However, ignorance most of the muslims in this matter have plunged them to polytheism as they placed the awliya’ on par with God. The awliya’ are considered to have exceptional ability and given mandate to deal with nature as they desire, either when they are living or dead. This misleading has attracted Syeikh Abd. al-Qadir al-Mandili to purify the Malay’s creed regarding awliya’ and their position in Islam. Born in 1910 in Tapanuli Selatan (South Tapanuli), Sumatera Utara (Northern Sumatera), al-Mandili received his basic education in Islamic studies in Kedah by the year of 1924. In 1936, he furthered his study in Mecca until he was honoured with a teaching position in the al-Haram Grand Mosque of Mecca. This prolific author had written 24 books in various discipline of Islamic studies such as Islamic creed, jurisprudence, hadeeth, politics, education, law and morals. Through three of his works which are Perisai Bagi Sekalian Mukallaf Atau Simpulan Iman Atas Mazhab Salaf (A Shield For Those Who Are Commisioned Or Faith Knot According To The Salaf), Penawar Bagi Hati (A Cure To Heart) and Anak Kunci Syurga (Key To Heaven), this article analyses the concept of awliya’ according to the creed of al- Mandili. As a result, al-Mandili emphasizes that sainthood can only be achieved by faith and piety which combined mahabbah (love) and ittiba’ (to follow the Islamic rules). He also denied allegations by some Sufis that the position of sainthood is higher than prophethood.