Exploring Compression-Only Structures and Innovations in Earthen Floor Slab Systems

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review tracing the evolution of compression-only, earthen-based floor slab systems from early empirical design to modern computational methods. Earthen construction, renowned for its sustainability and natural aesthetic, historically relied on rule-of-thumb approaches for structural stability. Our review documents the transition from ancient masonry techniques and proportional rules to the adoption of static analysis and computational simulations, such as thrust line and force network analyses. From an initial pool of 300 sources, 99 were selected based on rigorous inclusion criteria. Data visualization with VOSviewer—via timeline density, cross-citation, and keyword maps revealed a surge in research interest since 2020 and underscored the lasting influence of foundational studies. Key themes include computational innovations, material trade-offs, and recent integration of materials science with structural analysis.