Salah Laku Lgbt dalam Perundangan Malaysia: Undang- Undang Sebagai Mekanisme Pembanterasan dan Kawalan

Misconduct of LGBT in the Malaysian Law: Law as the Mechanism of Obliteration and Control

Abstract

Makalah ini mengkaji undang-undang sivil dan syariah yang dikuatkuasakan bagi menangani permasalahan salah laku golongan lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender (LGBT) di Malaysia. Makalah ini merupakan kajian perundangan kualitatif di mana data dikumpulkan melalui kaedah kepustakaan dan dinilai melalui pendekatan analisis secara kandungan. Pengisytiharan dan piagam antarabangsa, akta Parlimen, enakmen negeri-negeri, surat pekeliling am serta keputusan kes-kes yang diputuskan oleh mahkamah diteliti untuk memahami landasan perundangan sebagai mekanisme pembanterasan dan kawalan gejala LGBT daripada terus menular. Dapatan analisis menujukkan bahawa perundangan syariah menyediakan peruntukan undang-undang yang lebih luas berbanding perundangan sivil bagi kesalahan-kesalahan yang melibatkan golongan LGBT. Namun begitu, ianya tertakluk pula kepada had hukuman yang rendah dan terhad kepada pesalah laku beragama Islam sahaja. Disebabkan ketiadaan undang-undang khas mengenai LGBT digubal oleh badan-badan perundangan, penguatkuasa dan pendakwaraya hanya bergantung kepada undang- undang umum; iaitu Kanun Keseksaan, Akta Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah (Wilayah- Wilayah Persekutuan) 1997, Akta Perhimpunan Aman 2012, Akta Hiburan (Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur) 1992 dan Akta Kesalahan Kecil 1955. Justeru, dicadangkan supaya Parlimen dan dewan undangan negeri bertindak lebih progresif dalam merangka, dan meluluskan peruntukan undang-undang yang lebih spesifik dan eksplisit demi membanteras dan mengawal gejala LGBT daripada terus mencemari nilai-nilai agama, adat dan budaya masyarakat Malaysia.

This article studies the civil and Islamic laws which are enforced to handle issues of misconduct by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) group in Malaysia. This article is a qualitative legal study where data gathered through library research method and evaluated through analytical approach in its content. Provisions from international declarations and charters, Parliamentary acts, states' enactments, circulars and case decided by courts are scrutinized to understand the legal foundations which act as probihitory and pereventive measures towards LGBT-related activities from spreading. Findings of the analysis indicate that Islamic law provide wider scope of legal provisions compared to civil law relating to offences which involve LGBT group. However, the offences are subject to certain limitation of punishment and only applicable to Muslim offenders only. Due to the absence of specific law on LGBT from the legistalive bodies, legal enforcement bodies and public prosecutor only rely on public law; namely Penal Code, Syariah Criminal Offences (Federal Territories) Act 1997, Peaceful Assembly Act 2012, Entertainment (Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur) Act 1992 and Small Offences Act 1955. Thus, iti is hereby proposed that the Parliament and state legislative assembly shall act more progressively in drafting and approving legal provisions which are more specific and express to combat and control LGBT activities from continuing to tarnish the religious values, customs and cultures of Malaysian society.