Prestasi Pembakaran Biodiesel Berasaskan Minyak Bunga Matahari Ke Atas Pembakar Berbahan Api Cecair
Combustion Performance Sunflower Oil Biodiesel on Liquid Fuel Burner
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.2.127145Keywords:
Campuran biodiesel berasaskan minyak bunga matahari, pembakaran, nisbah kesetaraan, emisiAbstract
Kajian ini menyiasat mengenai prestasi pembakaran adunan bahan api biodiesel berasaskan minyak bunga matahari dengan diesel pada nisbah B10 (biodiesel 10%, diesel 90%), B15 (biodiesel 15%, diesel 85%), B25 (biodiesel 25%, diesel 75%) dan B50 (biodiesel 50%, diesel 50%). Prestasi pembakaran bahan api ini dinilai berdasarkan kepada nilai suhu dinding kebuk pembakar, kecekapan terma pembakar serta kepekatan gas emisi yang dibebaskan seperti oksida nitrogen (NOx), sulfur dioksida (SO?), dan karbon monoksida (CO). Bahan api adunan biodiesel berasaskan minyak bunga matahari diukur dan dibandingkan dengan diesel. Semua bahan api yang diuji dibakar menggunakan kebuk pembakaran terbuka pada lima nisbah kesetaraan yang berbeza, iaitu, keadaan cair bahan api (? = 0.8 dan 0.9), stoikiometri (? = 1.0), dan kaya bahan api (? = 1.1 dan 1.2). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bahan api biodiesel berasaskan minyak bunga matahari terbakar pada suhu yang lebih rendah. Ini menghasilkan tenaga terma bahan api dan kecekapan terma pembakar yang lebih rendah dari diesel. Selain itu, emisi yang dihasilkan adalah lebih rendah (kecuali NOx) berbanding dengan diesel untuk semua nisbah kesetaraan. Hasilnya juga menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan biodiesel adalah berguna untuk aplikasi moden yang berbeza, khususnya di sektor industri kerana ia lebih mesra alam dan boleh dijadikan sebagai pilihan alternatif kepada bahan api petroleum.
The current study investigated the combustion performance of sunflower oil-based biodiesel fuel blends with diesel at the ratio of B10 (10% biodiesel, 90% diesel), B15 (15% biodiesel, 85% diesel), B25 (25% biodiesel, 75% diesel) and B50 (50% biodiesel, 50% diesel). The combustion performance of this fuel is evaluated based on the value of the combustion chamber wall temperature, the thermal efficiency of the burner as well as the concentration of emission gases released such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO?), and carbon monoxide (CO). Sunflower oil-based biodiesel blend fuel was measured and compared to diesel. All fuels tested were burned using a combustion chamber with one of its ends open, at five different equivalence ratios, namely, fuel-lean condition (? = 0.8 and 0.9), stoichiometry (? = 1.0), and fuel-rich (? = 1.1 and 1.2). The results show that sunflower oil-based biodiesel fuels burn at lower temperatures. This results in lower fuel thermal energy, and thus, lower thermal efficiency of the burner compared to diesel. Moreover, the emissions produced are lower (except for NOx) compared to diesel for all equivalence ratios. The results also show that the use of biodiesel is useful for different modern applications, especially in the industrial sector as it is more environmentally friendly and can be used as an alternative to petroleum fuels.
References
Ayhan, Demirbas. "Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels." Energy Conversion and Management 50, no. 1 (2009): 14-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.001
Gross, Wendelin F., Cristina Hayden, and Christian Butz. "About the impact of rising oil price on logistics networks and transportation greenhouse gas emission." Logistics Research 4, no. 3 (2012): 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-012-0072-2
Conca, James. "No Peak Oil for America or The World." Forbes, Mar 2, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2017/03/02/no-peak-oil-for-america-or-the-world/?sh=2f058cd84220.
Papandreou, Andreas, and Franco Ruzzenenti. "On the effects of fossil fuel prices on the transition towards a low carbon energy system." Part A, Fessud Financialisation, Economy, Society and Sustainable Development Working Paper Series 89 (2015).
Basha, Syed Ameer, K. Raja Gopal, and S. Jebaraj. "A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 6-7 (2009): 1628-1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.031
Klass, D. L. "Energy consumption, reserves, depletion and environmental issues." Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals (1998): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012410950-6/50003-9
Atabani, Abdelaziz E., Arridina S. Silitonga, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, and S. Mekhilef. "A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 4 (2012): 2070-2093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.003
Demirbas, Ayhan. "Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel." Energy Policy 35, no. 9 (2007): 4661-4670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.003
Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali, Barat Ghobadian, Majeed Safa, and Mohammad Davoud Heidari. "Energy life-cycle assessment and CO2 emissions analysis of soybean-based biodiesel: a case study." Journal of Cleaner Production 66 (2014): 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.041
Senthilkumar, S., G. Sivakumar, and Siddarth Manoharan. "Investigation of palm methyl-ester bio-diesel with additive on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine under 8-mode testing cycle." Alexandria Engineering Journal 54, no. 3 (2015): 423-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.03.019
Rathore, Vivek, and Giridhar Madras. "Synthesis of biodiesel from edible and non-edible oils in supercritical alcohols and enzymatic synthesis in supercritical carbon dioxide." Fuel 86, no. 17-18 (2007): 2650-2659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.03.014
Demirbas, Ayhan, Abdullah Bafail, Waqar Ahmad, and Manzoor Sheikh. "Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 34, no. 2 (2016): 290-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598716630166
Luki?, Ivana, Željka Kesi?, Miodrag Zduji?, and Dejan Skala. "Vegetable oil as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis." Veg. Oil Prop. Uses Benefits (2016): 83-128.
Gui, Meei Mei, K. T. Lee, and S. Bhatia. "Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock." Energy 33, no. 11 (2008): 1646-1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.06.002
UFOP. Report on Global Market Supply 2017/2018 - European and world demand for biomass for the purpose of biofuel production in relation to supply in the food and feedstuff markets. Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen (UFOP): Germany (2018).
Ma, Fangrui, and Milford A. Hanna. "Biodiesel production: a review." Bioresource Technology 70, no. 1 (1999): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5
Lam, Man Kee, Keat Teong Lee, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review." Biotechnology Advances 28, no. 4 (2010): 500-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.002
Baroutian, Saeid, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman, and Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman. "Potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon for transesterification of palm oil." Fuel Processing Technology 91, no. 11 (2010): 1378-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.05.009
Meher, L. C., D. Vidya Sagar, and S. N. Naik. "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification-a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10, no. 3 (2006): 248-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.002
Nizah, M. F. Rabiah, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap, Umer Rashid, Siow Hwa Teo, ZA Shajaratun Nur, and Aminul Islam. "Production of biodiesel from non-edible Jatropha curcas oil via transesterification using Bi2O3-La2O3 catalyst." Energy Conversion and Management 88 (2014): 1257-1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.072
Pilorgé, Etienne. "Sunflower in the global vegetable oil system: situation, specificities and perspectives." OCL 27 (2020): 34. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020028
Orsavova, Jana, Ladislava Misurcova, Jarmila Vavra Ambrozova, Robert Vicha, and Jiri Mlcek. "Fatty acids composition of vegetable oils and its contribution to dietary energy intake and dependence of cardiovascular mortality on dietary intake of fatty acids." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 6 (2015): 12871-12890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612871
Singh, Bharat P. Industrial crops and uses. Cabi, No. SB185. I53 2010. Ovid Technologies, Inc., 2010. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936167.0000
Ali, J. A., and A. Abuhabaya. "Sunflower biodiesel: efficiency and emissions." WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering 83 (2014): 179-190. https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-78466-034-5/017
Santos, Bjorn S., Sergio C. Capareda, and Jewel A. Capunitan. "Sunflower methyl ester as an engine fuel: performance evaluation and emissions analysis." International Scholarly Research Notices 2013 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/352024
Tutunea, Dragos, and Ilie Dumitru. "Analysis of performance and emissions of diesel engine using sunflower biodiesel." In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 252, no. 1, p. 012085. IOP Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/252/1/012085
Musthafa, Anas Basri. "Study on the Performance of Palm Methyl Ester in a Combustion System." PhD diss., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2015.
Abdul Malik, Muhammad Syahiran, Ashrul Ishak Mohamad Shaiful, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, and Amirah Mohamad Sahar. "Combustion and emission characteristics of coconut-based biodiesel in a liquid fuel burner." Energies 10, no. 4 (2017): 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040458
Jaafar, Mohammad Nazri Mohd, and Safiullah Safiullah. "Combustion Characteristics of Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel in an Oil Burner." Jurnal Teknologi 80, no. 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v80.11612
Hasan, Abed Al-Khadim M., Mahmoud A. Mashkour, and Amer A. Mohammed. "Experimental Investigations on Combustion Pollutant Emissions of Sunflower Biodiesel and Its Blends with Diesel and Kerosene for Furnace Application." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 8 (2018): 88-100.
Barabás, István, and Ioan-Adrian Todoru?. "Biodiesel quality, standards and properties." Biodiesel - Quality, Emissions and By-Products (2011): 3-28. https://doi.org/10.5772/25370
Ramalho, E. F. S. M., J. R. Carvalho Filho, A. R. Albuquerque, S. F. De Oliveira, E. H. S. Cavalcanti, L. Stragevitch, I. M. G. Santos, and A. G. Souza. "Low temperature behavior of poultry fat biodiesel: diesel blends." Fuel 93 (2012): 601-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.051
Durrenberger, Joe. Furnace Efficiency Testing. No. AK-RD-84-12. State of Alaska, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, Division of Planning, Research Section, 1983.
Knothe, Gerhard, Jurgen Krahl, and Jon Van Gerpen. The Biodiesel Handbook. No. L-0578. AOCS Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439822357
Knothe, Gerhard. "Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters." Fuel Processing Technology 86, no. 10 (2005): 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.002
Esteban, Bernat, Jordi-Roger Riba, Grau Baquero, Rita Puig, and Antoni Rius. "Characterization of the surface tension of vegetable oils to be used as fuel in diesel engines." Fuel 102 (2012): 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.042
Palash, S. M., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, B. M. Masum, IM Rizwanul Fattah, and M. Mofijur. "Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 23 (2013): 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.003
Ali, O. M., R. Mamat, M. G. Rasul, and G. Najafi. "Potential of biodiesel as fuel for diesel engine." In Clean Energy for Sustainable Development, pp. 557-590. Academic Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805423-9.00018-1
Atabani, A. E., A. S. Silitonga, H. C. Ong, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, and H. Fayaz. "Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 18 (2013): 211-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.013
Rahim, M. R. " Kesan Penggunaan Pemusar Dwi Ganda Aliran Jejarian Terhadap Hasil Pembakaran Berbahan Api Cecair." Master diss., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2016.
Ganjehkaviri, Abdolsaeid, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, and Anas Basri Musthafa. "Performance evaluation of palm oil-based biodiesel combustion in an oil burner." Energies 9, no. 2 (2016): 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020097
Bazooyar, Bahamin, Afshin Ghorbani, and Ahmad Shariati. "Combustion performance and emissions of petrodiesel and biodiesels based on various vegetable oils in a semi industrial boiler." Fuel 90, no. 10 (2011): 3078-3092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.05.025
Fernando, Sandun, Chris Hall, and Saroj Jha. "NOx reduction from biodiesel fuels." Energy & Fuels 20, no. 1 (2006): 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050202m
Refaat, A. A. "Correlation between the chemical structure of biodiesel and its physical properties." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 6, no. 4 (2009): 677-694. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326109
Samaras, C. "Emissions estimation from industrial gas turbine combustors." Master diss., Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK, 2010.
Heravi, Hamid Momahedi, Saeed Baghdar Hosseini, Fatemeh Farash Bamoharram, and Javad Baharara. "The Effect of various vegetable oils on pollutant emissions of biodiesel blends with gasoil in a furnace." Thermal Science 19, no. 6 (2015): 1977-1984. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI140218022H
Venu, Harish, and Prabhu Appavu. "Combustion and emission characte ristics of Tamarind seed biodiesel-diesel blends in a compression ignition engine." International Journal of Ambient Energy (2019): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2019.1611652
Vakkilainen, Esa K. "Solid Biofuels and Combustion." Steam Generation from Biomass (2017): 18-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804389-9.00002-2
Sapee, S. "Study on the Combustion Performance of Jatropha and Used Cooking Oil Biodiesels in a Liquid Fuel Burner." Master diss., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia, 2017.
Hasagaya, Muhammad Azreen Azeem. "Performance Study of Biodiesel Blends on Burner System." PhD diss., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
