Experimental Validation of Piezoelectric Series Array Configuration for Energy Harvesting from Rainfall

Abstract

Harvesting energy using piezoelectric technology offers a promising method for generating renewable power from ambient environmental sources, such as rainfall. However, optimizing energy output from piezoelectric systems remains a challenge, particularly under varying weather conditions. This research specifically addresses the typical piezoelectric configurations in capturing energy from rainfall by examining the effectiveness of a series piezoelectric array configuration. For this purpose, a prototype system was designed, comprising square-shaped piezoelectric discs, AC to DC rectifiers, and a charge controller linked to a 12 V rechargeable battery. The system underwent testing under actual weather conditions over a period of seven months. Daily voltage output readings were recorded, revealing an increase from 11.0 V in November 2023 to 13.7 V in May 2024, corresponding to more intense rainfall events. The findings indicate that by optimizing piezoelectric array configurations, a potential 24.5% enhancement in energy capture efficiency can be achieved. This study demonstrates the viability of piezoelectric arrays for energy harvesting in regions with frequent rainfall and highlights possibilities for system improvements and integration with other renewable energy technologies. The insights provided by this research contribute to the advancement and optimization of practical piezoelectric energy harvesting applications.