The Effects of Magnetization Process on Methylene Blue Removal using Magnetically Modified Orange Peel

Mohamad Huzair Munawer; Peck Loo Kiew; Wei Ming Yeoh

doi:10.37934/progee.17.1.116

Authors

Mohamad Huzair Munawer Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5673-8416
Peck Loo Kiew Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia - Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-9909
Wei Ming Yeoh Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.17.1.116

Keywords:

Methylene blue, Magnetized orange peel, Fractional factorial design, Regeneration, FTIR

Abstract

Whilst adsorption process is the preferred method of purifying wastewater due to its benefits, problems with the recovery of spent adsorbents are still prevalent in wastewater treatment technology. The use of magnetized biomass-based adsorbents (biosorbents) to ease the regeneration process would be a novel approach to overcome this obstacle. The magnetization of orange peel adsorbent involves a series of preparation stages. In this context, there are several parameters that may affect the magnetization of orange peel (OP) such as the ratio between FeCl₃•6H₂O and FeCl₂•4H₂O, mass of untreated orange peel (UOP), volume of NH3 solution, magnetization temperature and magnetization period. In this study, Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) was adopted to identify the significant parameters affecting two different responses namely the success of magnetization process and methylene blue (MB) dye removal. Based on the ANoVA results, the significant parameters affecting the success of the magnetization process were magnetization temperature, interaction between ratio of FeCl2:FeCl3 and volume of ammonia, and mass of OP with duration of mixing. Whereas the significant parameters affecting the MB dye removal were all five of the individual parameters, along with the interaction of amount of OP with the other four parameters, interaction between volume of ammonia with duration of mixing and with ratio of FeCl₂:FeCl₃, interaction between duration of mixing with temperature and ratio of FeCl₂:FeCl₃, and interaction between temperature and ratio of FeCl₂:FeCl₃. The highest recorded MB removal was 89.18%, while the lowest recorded MB removal was 38.76%. The regeneration study also showed that magnetized orange peel could be regenerated at least six times without having a significant reduction in adsorption capacity. The major functional groups of magnetized orange peel before adsorption, after adsorption and after regeneration were all similar, indicating that the spent adsorbent could be regenerated.

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