Effects of Joule Heating and Slip on Magnetohydrodynamics Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes Flow Through a Permeable Moving Plate

Abstract

The remarkable enhancement of heat transfer achieved by carbon nanotubes has motivated researchers to investigate further combinations with various working fluids. This research delves into elucidating the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow characteristics of hybrid carbon nanotubes over a permeable moving plate while consideringthe influence of Joule heating and slip velocity. The combination of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with water is employed for the analysis. The plate is expected to move either parallel or opposite to the free stream. Employing a similarity transformation, the governing equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are subsequently solved using the bvp4c solver within the MATLAB 2019a software package. Inthis problem, two solutions are obtained when considering the added effects. The 1% hybrid nanofluid fastensthe separation of the boundary layer. However, the strengtheningof 2% MHD and 40% slip velocity seem to slow down the separation of the boundary layer. The heat transfer rate is found to increase with elevated suction, magnetic fieldandvolume fractions. The boundary layer thickness in heat transfer is broadenedas the volume of nanoparticles increasesfrom 2% to 4%. The Eckert numbers show that there is no significant effect on the heat transfer rate performance. These findings are neworiginal and offer valuable insights for those engaged in related fields.