Catalytic Potential of Singgora Roof Tiles in Transesterification for Sustainable Biodiesel

Authors

  • Amiera Husna Abdul Halim Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Mahanum Mohd Zamberi Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Nor Faizah Haminudin Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Norfadhilah Hamzah Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti Chemical Engineering Department, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Indus Hwy, Jamshoro, Sindh 76062, Pakistan
  • Syed Muhammad Farhan Syed Mohamad Diamond Jubilee Oil Mill, Sime Darby Plantation, 77000, Jasin, Melaka, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.22.1.8593

Keywords:

Singgora, heterogeneous catalyst, biodiesel

Abstract

The study centred around the uitilization of Singgora roof tiles as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel via the transesterification process. The motivation behind this choice stems from the non-recyclable nature of Singgora roof tiles and their potential applicability in biodiesel synthesis. To enhance the catalytic properties, zinc oxide (ZnO) is incorporated using the wet impregnation technique during catalyst preparation. The catalyst was characterized by XRF and SEM-EDX. A two-step transesterification method is employed to mitigate the levels of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil (WCO). The initial step involves treating the WCO with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to reduce FFA. Subsequently, the Singgora roof tiles catalyst is utilized in the second step. A high yield of FAMEs, specifically 96.96%, was achieved under the optimal conditions, which included a methanol-to- oil ratio of 12:1, a catalyst concentration of 1 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, and a reaction time of 2 hours. The quality of the biodiesel produced was analyzed according to biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751, EN 14214, and AOCS, and it met all the required standards. The study demonstrates the potential of using Singgora roof tiles as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production, offering a promising approach to repurposing non-recyclable materials and advancing sustainable biodiesel production methods.

Author Biography

Mahanum Mohd Zamberi, Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia

mahanum@utem.edu.my

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Published

2024-08-27

How to Cite

Abdul Halim, Amiera Husna, Mahanum Mohd Zamberi, Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin, Nor Faizah Haminudin, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid, Norfadhilah Hamzah, Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti, and Syed Muhammad Farhan Syed Mohamad. 2024. “Catalytic Potential of Singgora Roof Tiles in Transesterification for Sustainable Biodiesel”. Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 22 (1):85-93. https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.22.1.8593.
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