Heavy Metal Ion Adsorbent in Aqueous Solution: A Review on Chitosan and Chitosan Composites

Authors

  • Munirah Muhaidin Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Fatin Hana Naning Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Juniza Md Saad Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Rafeah Wahi Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Tasiu Zangina Department of Physics, The Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.18.1.78102

Keywords:

Environmental pollution, heavy metal ions, adsorption, chitosan, modification

Abstract

One prominent contributor to environmental degradation is the presence of heavy metal ions, which are commonly introduced into ecosystems through diverse channels, including mining operations, paint manufacturing, battery production, and agricultural practises. The unprocessed waste from these industries typically undergoes direct discharge into rivers and seas, thereby adversely influencing the potable water supply and marine ecosystem. This results in the accumulation of heavy metals within living organisms and subsequent environmental degradation that poses a significant risk to human health, as their prolonged consumption can harm various organs and the nervous system. Therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) have established stringent regulations regarding the allowable levels of heavy metal intake, particularly concerning potable water consumption. The imperative lies in surmounting this challenge by discovering the optimal technique for extracting heavy metals. This paper examines the primary methods of eliminating heavy metal ions using chitosan-based materials. Specifically, the methods under scrutiny include electrocoagulation (E.C.), bioremediation, ion-exchange, membrane filtration (purification), and adsorption. Adsorption, as a highly efficient method, presents itself as a viable strategy for the remediation of dyes in textile wastewater due to its advantageous characteristics. Notably, this approach obviates the need for extensive spatial requirements and exhibits a commendably swift treatment duration. Chitosan exhibits promising adsorptive characteristics owing to its advantageous physical attributes, including crystalline structure, porous nature, and particle dimensions, all of which synergistically enhance the adsorption capacity of chitosan. Research findings indicate that the adsorption characteristics of chitosan are subject to variation contingent upon the distinct heavy metal ions under consideration and the specific experimental parameters employed. Hence, optimising these parameters becomes imperative to attain enhanced chitosan adsorption capabilities for heavy metal ion removal.

Author Biographies

Munirah Muhaidin, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

munirahmuhaidin98@gmail.com

Fatin Hana Naning, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

fatinhanaz@upm.edu.my

Juniza Md Saad, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

juniza@upm.edu.my

Rafeah Wahi, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia

wrafeah@unimas.my

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Published

2024-04-30

How to Cite

Munirah Muhaidin, Fatin Hana Naning, Juniza Md Saad, Rafeah Wahi, and Tasiu Zangina. 2024. “Heavy Metal Ion Adsorbent in Aqueous Solution: A Review on Chitosan and Chitosan Composites”. Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 18 (1):78-102. https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.18.1.78102.
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