Journal of Advanced Research Design

Estimating Active Case of Infectious Disease Using Seird Model; Case of Covid-19 Diseases in Malaysia

Azrul Azim Mohd Yunus — 2025-02-14

The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has unleashed widespread turmoil. The number of confirmed cases continues to rise, and numerous countries exhibit a persistent upward trajectory in daily infections. In an effort to predict the trajectory of active cases, we employed the SEIRD mathematical model, which provides a visual representation of the ongoing spread of COVID-19. SEIRD models were used to estimate and visualize the trend of active cases, recovery, and death during the infection period. Using the lmfit package in Python, the solution for Non-Linear Least-Square Minimization was provided and minimalizes the error for the curve-fitting, thus giving the optimal number for the coefficient for infection, recovery rate, and death rate. It is important to estimate the current trend of an active case in Malaysia as early action can minimize the effect of COVID-19 infections.

Master-Slave Grasping Control for Enhanced Functionality in Under Actuated Prosthetic Hands for Upper Limb Amputees

Muhammad Zulhilmi Hussin — 2025-02-14

According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), upper limb amputations constitute 16% of total amputations, significantly affecting an individual's ability to grasp objects. This paper proposes the development of an underactuated prosthetic hand tailored for upper limb amputees, introducing a Master-Slave Grasping Control system. The research involves meticulous study and development of suitable underactuated finger mechanisms, servo motors and controllers to enhance grasping and ungrasping activities. Employing SolidWorks and 3D printing technologies, the prosthetic hand is designed to seamlessly replace the lost limb, enabling users to grasp and ungrasp various objects. The innovative Master-Slave Grasping Control system facilitates intuitive and coordinated movements, enhancing the prosthetic hand's functionality. A series of tests is conducted to validate the proposed design, demonstrating its efficacy in achieving natural and versatile grasping motions. This research contributes to the advancement of upper limb prosthetics, addressing the unique challenges faced by amputees and promoting a more integrated and user-centric approach to prosthetic design.

Evaluation on the Preference of Courier Services Using Integrated AHP-TOPSIS Model

Fai Liew Kah — 2025-02-14

Courier services are businesses that deliver documents, parcels and heavy products from one place to another. Courier services are gaining popularity nowadays due to their efficient and reliable delivery. However, the existence of many courier service companies today has led to fierce commercial competition both domestically and globally. Since there are many decision alternatives and criteria to consider, consumers face a significant challenge in choosing the best courier service. As a result, selecting the optimal courier service involves a process of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). The objective of this study is to determine the preferred courier service based on undergraduates’ preferences using an integrated AHP-TOPSIS model. The AHP-TOPSIS model is proposed in this study to tackle the MCDM problem as choosing the optimal courier service involves various decision criteria. In this research, AHP is proposed to identify the priority of decision criteria, whereas TOPSIS is utilized to determine the ranking of the courier service providers. Additionally, this study aims to determine the priority of decision criteria. As a result of this research, GD Express was identified as the most preferred courier service provider, followed by DHL, FedEx, Skynet Express, PosLaju, and City-Link Express. Furthermore, the top three influencing factors are freight rates, timeliness and reliability. The significance of this study lies in identifying the most preferred courier service and the most influential decision criterion in the decision-making process. The study can serve as a reference for the less popular courier service companies, assisting them in identifying weaknesses and making enhancements according to the decision criteria’ ranking.

Uric Acid Concentration-Surface Tension Level Through Reflective Intensity of Optical Fibre Sensor

Nur Athirah Mohd Taib — 2025-02-14

Human body fluids are regarded as desirable sources for biological markers due to the fact the altered protein expression profiles reflect the change of physiological states and cell networks of the diseased tissue or organ. Owning to several advantages including low invasiveness, low cost and rapid sample collection and processing makes the evaluation of human body fluid has become one of the most promosing approaches in disease diagnosis and prognosis to discover biomarkers or reveal pathophysiological mechanisms for human disease. Surface tension is a surface characteristics that related to the forces of molecules residing at the interface. The presence of surface-active substance in biological or body fluids which adsorb at interface influences the norm surface tension value. Such the changes indicate valuable signs in the medical field particularly in pathological states.

The Designing Gameplay of Spiritual Journey Augmented Reality Board Game to Enhance User Motivation

Irma Shayana Samaden — 2025-02-14

Games and augmented reality (AR) are among the technologies that are now gaining a place in the hearts of users, using the latest user interaction (UI) and capable of providing an interactive and extensive learning environment, this is proven by the increasing number of studies. Previous studies have shown that these two technologies can improve and motivate students and make the learning process more unique and fun. However, user acceptance of interface design augmented reality board games (ARBG), features and interface elements that can increase player motivation is still underexplored and its development model is diversified. Therefore, in order to realize the objective, the use of verses from the Qur'an that have been selected and screened that contain motivational verses have been adapted into this ARBG. The statement was confirmed as a result of our initial investigation through a previous study which revealed that there is still no study using Al-Quran Verses as a medium in ARBG, especially in increasing user motivation. In order to realize the goal, the use of the U2SIC Model, the combined results (UTAUT model, usability model and intrinsic model) have been used as a guideline. Therefore, a total of 100 University Sultan Zainal Abidin student respondents were selected and asked to do a post-test evaluation of our ARBG Spiritual Journey prototype. Where, this ARBG Spiritual Journey is a board game that requires players to identify and match visual images with the translation of Al-Quran verses that have been categorized into 3 fractions namely caution, prayer and alert. Therefore, in order to give space to players to further increase their intrinsic motivation, this ARBG was developed without having time and score records. Therefore, it is hoped that the combination of ARBG technology that applies the verses of the Qur'an will be a source of inspiration, a spark of ideas, able to attract students' interest, improve the identity of users, motivate and further inspire researchers to explore more areas of technology along with the Qur'an in future.

Performance Evaluation of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Different Types of Condensers Cooling Medium

Mohd Bilal — 2025-02-14

This research investigates the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using different condenser cooling mediums: air, water, and nanofluid containing 0.02% (v/v) titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles in water as base fluid. The primary objective is to comprehensively evaluate and compare the performance of these condenser types within the VCRS, aiming to identify the most efficient and eco-friendly condenser cooling medium. The research also explored different mass flow rates of air velocity in the evaporator, ranging from 0.7 to 2.7 m/s. The experimental results reveal that nanofluid-cooled condensers outperform water-cooled and air-cooled condensers in terms of coefficient of performance and cooling effect. This is due to the higher thermal conductivity of nanofluids, which results in a higher heat rejection rate in the condenser. The choice of cooling medium for the condenser depends on various factors such as cost, maintenance requirements, and operating conditions. This research reveals the potential for nanofluids, particularly those incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles, to significantly enhance the cooling efficiency of VCRS. These findings have important implications for the design and optimization of VCRS systems, ultimately contributing to reduced energy consumption and environmental impact.

Design and Development of a Universal Magnetic Portable Jig: A Modular Approach for Versatile Clamping Applications

Nor Hafizah Che Amid — 2025-02-14

Clamping systems play a crucial role in manufacturing by ensuring precision, stability, and repeatability during machining and assembly operations. However, traditional systems often lack adaptability, portability, and ease of use, particularly for diverse workpiece geometries and dynamic applications. Addressing these limitations, this study aims to develop a Universal Magnetic Portable Jig, designed to provide a versatile and user-friendly clamping solution tailored for educational, DIY, and small-scale industrial contexts. The research utilized advanced manufacturing techniques, including 3D printing, CNC machining, and MIG welding, to create a modular jig with a magnetic base and interchangeable attachments. Comprehensive testing and DFMA analysis were conducted to validate its performance, revealing significant findings. The Vise for Cylindrical Shapes achieved a DFA Index of 112.97, showcasing high efficiency and simplicity, while other attachments, like the Dial Test Indicator Holder, highlighted areas for optimization. Identified limitations, such as reliance on ferromagnetic surfaces and size constraints, provide pathways for further enhancement. This study demonstrates that the Universal Magnetic Portable Jig effectively bridges gaps in traditional clamping systems by offering enhanced adaptability and operational flexibility. The principal results confirm its ability to improve productivity and usability across various applications. Future research will explore scalability for larger workpieces and non-magnetic materials, automation features, and further optimization. The findings establish a strong foundation for innovative clamping solutions in modern manufacturing environments.

An Experimental Study on Effect of Disc Spacing and Disc Surface Roughness on The Performance of Tesla Turbine

Muhammad Nor Ikmal Muhamad Nazri — 2025-02-14

A breakthrough bladeless turbine, usually referred to as the "Tesla turbine," was one of Nikola Tesla's finest innovations but never saw commercial production. Tesla's original design was hampered by a dearth of technology and knowledge at the time of its creation. This turbine drives a set of stacked discs using frictional and viscous forces rather than blades. Losses in conventional turbines are caused by these factors. Researchers have attempted to create the turbine, but have never been able to match Nikola Tesla's expected efficiency. Tesla's original design was intended to replace inefficient full-scale turbines of the time. Parameters of the Tesla Turbine are the most crucial part of the turbine that influence its efficiency. This project aimed to investigate the effect of some parameters including the distance between the disc and the disc surface roughness towards the efficiency of the turbine. The study proved that reducing the gap between the discs helps to improve the performance of the turbine. This research also found out that surface roughness of the disc gives contribution towards the efficiency of the Tesla Turbine.

Effects of Ferric Chloride as Secondary Dopant on the Properties of Polyethylene Oxide / Polyvinyl Chloride / Polyaniline Conductive Films

Mohammed Izzuddeen Mohd Yazid — 2025-02-14

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) / Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends with 2.5 wt% - 10 wt% polyaniline (PAni) loadings were fabricated with and without the presence of ferric chloride (FeCl₃). PEO/PVC/PAni and PEO/PVC/PAni-FeCl₃ conductive films were prepared by solution casting method using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent at ambient temperature. The electrical conductivity of the conductive films was analyzed and discussed in this paper. The study found that higher loading of PAni increased the electrical conductivity of the films and further improved with the addition of FeCl₃. The XRD analysis study supported the findings by revealing the modified structure of PAni, with FeCl₃as the oxidizing agent. The tensile strength, however, decreased with the addition of PAni and FeCl₃in the conductive films due to poor agglomeration of filler.