Kepelbagaian, Isu Diskriminasi dan Pengurusan Sumber Manusia
Diversity, Discrimination Issues and Human Resource Management
Keywords:
diskriminasi, modal insan, discrimination, human capital, diversity, competitive advantage, pengurusan sumber manusia, human resource managementAbstract
Kajian ini membincangkan kepentingan pengurusan sumber manusia (PSM) dalam mentadbir dan mengurus kepelbagaian latar belakang sumber manusia, khususnya di Malaysia. Isu diskriminasi antara kaum dan agama sudah menjadi budaya yang menebal dan mempengaruhi kognitif pemikiran segenap masyarakat di Malaysia. Ini secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi dasar dan polisi sesetengah PSM dalam sesebuah firma. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi analisis kritikal dengan mengkritik isu diskriminasi di Malaysia, kesan diskriminasi terhadap firma, menyatakan kepentingan sumber manusia dilihat dari segi pandangan holistik serta menggesa supaya sumber manusia di Malaysia dilihat dari segi Pendekatan Berasaskan Sumber (Resource-based view), yang mampu membantu firma-firma dalam mencapai kelebihan daya saing (competitive advantage). Dalam masa yang sama, isu kesamaran (gray field) berkaitan praktis agama dalam konteks kontrak pekerjaan (employment contract) menggesa PSM untuk memainkan peranan penting dalam mengintegrasikan dasar dan polisi mesra kepelbagaian serta mempelopori dasar Peluang Pekerjaan Sama-rata (PPS) (Equality Employment Contract) bagi memastikan firma-firma mendapat sumber tenaga kerja yang bernilai yang dapat diolah menjadi modal insan dan seterusnya mendokong objektif jangka masa pendek mahupun panjang bagi sesebuah firma.
This study discuss the importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) in administering and managing the diversity of human resources, particularly in Malaysia. The issues of racial and religious discrimination have became a norm and cognitively influence the way of Malaysia’s society thinks. This indirectly affect the policies and programs of HRM in some firms in Malaysia. This study usea critical analysis methodology by criticizing the issue of discrimination in Malaysia, the impact of discrimination on firms, and highlighting the importance of seeing human resources in a holistic views as well as prompting that human resources in Malaysia be viewed in terms of Resource-based views, which assist the firms in achieving competitive advantage. At the same time, religion-related issues in the context of employment contracts stressed on HRM to play an important role in integrating diversity-friendly policies and programs, and pioneering the Equality Employment Contract to ensure that firms get a valuable workforce that can be processed into human capital, thus support the short-term or long-term objectives of a firm.