A Review on Frequency Synchronization in Collaborative Beamforming: A Practical Approach

Authors

  • Umar Dauda Suleiman Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, P. M. B. 65, Niger State, Nigeria
  • Mazlina Esa Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Nik Noordini Nik Abd Malik Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Kamaludin Mohd Yusof Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohd Fairus Mohd Yusoff Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohamad Rijal Hamid Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malays

Keywords:

frequency synchronization, collaborative beamforming, local oscillator, phase offset, 1-bit feedback

Abstract

Coherent signal reception from distributed beamforming nodes of virtual antenna array formation requires frequency synchronization of the participating nodes. Signals at the target receiver are out of phase due to unsynchronized local oscillator’s (LO) reference signal of all the nodes in the systems. Practical cases of this problem are considered. In this article, a brief overview is presented of the need for the frequency synchronization and the resulting effect of mitigation avoidance. A variant of the closed-loop feedback algorithm is used to provide LO drifts information to the beamforming transmitters. These feedbacks are used to estimate, correct, and predict the nonlinear LO offsets that will result in near (0) phase offset of the received signal. The algorithms are implemented in software defined radio (SDR) and transmitted through the RF front end of devices like the NI 2920/N210 USRP.

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Published

2020-11-01

How to Cite

Suleiman , U. D. ., Esa, M. ., Nik Abd Malik, N. N. ., Mohd Yusof, . K. ., Mohd Yusoff, M. F. ., & Hamid, . M. R. . (2020). A Review on Frequency Synchronization in Collaborative Beamforming: A Practical Approach . Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics, 31(1), 1–15. Retrieved from https://akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/aram/article/view/1779
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Issue

Vol. 31 No. 1: March (2017)

Section

Articles
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