Unsteady Free Convection Flow of Nanofluid with Dissipation Effect over a Non-Isothermal Vertical Cone

Abstract

This paper investigated unsteady free convection flow of nanofluid with dissipation effect over a non-isothermal vertical cone. The dimensional governing equations that consists of continuity, energy and momentum equations are reduced by using appropriate dimensionless variables along with variable wall temperature as its initial and boundary conditions. The case when water is the base fluid has been considered and the effects of the solid volume fraction on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are determined for Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Alumina (Al₂O₃) and Titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanofluids. The purpose of the study is to investigate numerically the mathematical model by using the Crank-Nicolson method. The discretization equations were computed, and numerical results were plotted using MATLAB software. It has been shown that when the nanoparticles volume fraction increases, the NuX increases and the velocity profile decreases. Moreover, for Silver(Ag), Copper(Cu) and Titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, the thermal boundary layer decreases at first but later started to increase at certain values as the nanoparticles volume fraction increases. However, for Alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles, the temperature profile increases as the nanoparticles volume fraction increases. It has also been found in this problem that the Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles have the highest heating performance while Silver (Ag) nanoparticles have the highest cooling performance.